Chapter 6   

Periodic Table       (STD – 1A, 1B, 1C)

 

        Rows are called PERIODS

            Columns are called GROUPS  (also known as families)

                        Column #                    Name

                            1                              alkali metals

                            2                              alkali earth

                            7                              halogens

                            8                              noble gases

                       

TRANSITION ELEMENTS (in the valley) columns 3B-8B, 1B & 2B.  Lanthanides & Actinides (2 rows at the very bottom of the chart) are also included.  All transition elements are metals.

METALLOIDS  -  act like both metals and non-metals.  Green on chart in book.

            B, Si, As, Te, At  (above stairs) 

            Ge, Sb, Po (below stairs)

METALS – Groups 1A, 2A, transition elements (3B – 8B, 1B & 2B) below stairsteps in columns 3A, 4A, & 5A (except the metalloids) and all of the transition elements - columns IIIA (4) – IIB (12).  Blue on chart in book

            You will need to know chart of Physical Properties of Metals on p. 155 and Nonmetals on p. 158

 

Atomic Number =   # of electrons =   # protons

Atomic Mass =  # neutrons +  atomic number (# protons)

 

Ions                 (STD – 1D, 1G)

 

When metals react chemically with non-metals, electrons move from the metal to the non-metal ! ! !    

When any atom has gained or lost electrons (the number of electrons is greater or less than the atomic number for its element) it is called an ion.

 

            Metals always LOSE electrons when forming ions

            Non-metals always GAIN electrons when forming ions

­            Examples:

 

                Ionization:     (metal)  Na   ----->  Na+  +  e-       (non-metal)  Cl  +  e-   ----->   Cl1-

                Reaction:        2 Na   +  Cl2   ----->  2 NaCl

           

Predicting charges on ions (these all follow the simple rules for their groups):

 

GROUP NUMBER

NET CHARGE

I (1)

1+

II (2)

2+

III (13)

3+

VI (16)

2-

VII (17)

1-

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Chart Summary:  All elements within group I act very much alike because they form 1+ ions.  For the same reason, elements in each representative group (Groups 1A – 1B) react similarly to all other elements with its group.  Elements within each representative group have the same charge when they form ions.

Ch 6.3 - Trends in the Periodic Chart     Std 1 & 2

NOTE:  Arrow heads always point in direction of increase.

 

IONIZATION ENERGY / ELECTRONEGATIVITY  -  increases  (energy needed to remove electron from an atom / attraction for electrons in a chemical bond)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


SIZE OF ATOM – increases                                    SIZE OF ION - increases

                                                                                    Metals                      Non-metals

 

 

 

 

 

 


                                                                                   

 

METALS  -  increasing chemical activity

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


NON-METALS – increasing chemical activity

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


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